Ferroptosis in renal fibrosis: a mini-review.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that is iron-dependent and distinct from autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis. It is primarily characterised by a decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, or by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Renal fibrosis is a common pathological change in the progression of various primary and secondary renal diseases to end-stage renal disease and poses a serious threat to human health with high morbidity and mortality. Multiple pathways contribute to the development of renal fibrosis, with ferroptosis playing a crucial role in renal fibrosis pathogenesis due to its involvement in the production of ROS. Ferroptosis is related to several signalling pathways, including System Xc-/GPX4, abnormal iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation. A number of studies have indicated that ferroptosis is closely involved in the process of renal fibrosis caused by various kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis, renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, diabetic nephropathy and renal calculus. Identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms that determine cell death would open up new insights to address a therapeutic strategy to renal fibrosis. The review aimed to browse and summarise the known mechanisms of ferroptosis that may be associated with biological reactions of renal fibrosis.

Biomimetic Ultrasonic Vibrator with Broadband Characteristics Inspired by Leaf-Cutting Ants.

Power ultrasound is widely used in industrial production, medical equipment, aerospace, and other fields. Currently, there are two main types of commonly used power generation devices: piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers and magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducers. However, in certain situations with limited external dimensions, the applications of existing power ultrasound devices are limited. In nature, leaf-cutting ants excite vibrations through their tiny organs. Inspired by the vibratory organs of leaf-cutting ants, a new type of biomimetic ultrasonic vibrator (BUV) comprising a scraper, dentate disc, and fixture system was proposed, fabricated, and tested in this study. The experimental results showed that the BUV could operate in the frequency range of 16.8-19 kHz. Within the working frequency range, the vibration of the BUV was stable and the amplitude of the vibration displacement was greater than 22 µm. The operating frequency band of the BUV was broader than those of the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducers. In addition, the BUV can cut soft rubber and pig tissues with sufficient output power and load-carrying capacity. The BUV, as a new type of power ultrasonic excitation device, is expected to be applied in high-power micro operating scenarios, such as minimally invasive surgical instruments.

Temporal associations of plasma levels of the secreted phospholipase A2 family and mortality in severe COVID-19.

Previous research suggests that group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) plays a role in and predicts lethal COVID-19 disease. The current study reanalyzed a longitudinal proteomic data set to determine the temporal relationship between levels of several members of a family of sPLA2 isoforms and the severity of COVID-19 in 214 ICU patients. The levels of six secreted PLA2 isoforms, sPLA2-IIA, sPLA2-V, sPLA2-X, sPLA2-IB, sPLA2-IIC, and sPLA2-XVI, increased over the first 7 ICU days in those who succumbed to the disease but attenuated over the same time period in survivors. In contrast, a reversed pattern in sPLA2-IID and sPLA2-XIIB levels over 7 days suggests a protective role of these two isoforms. Furthermore, decision tree models demonstrated that sPLA2-IIA outperformed top-ranked cytokines and chemokines as a predictor of patient outcome. Taken together, proteomic analysis revealed temporal sPLA2 patterns that reflect the critical roles of sPLA2 isoforms in severe COVID-19 disease.

Dominance complementation of parental heading date alleles of Hd1, Ghd7, DTH8, and PRR37 confers transgressive late maturation in hybrid rice.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a short-day plant whose heading date is largely determined by photoperiod sensitivity (PS). Many parental lines used in hybrid rice breeding have weak PS, but their F1 progenies have strong PS and exhibit an undesirable transgressive late-maturing phenotype. However, the genetic basis for this phenomenon is unclear. Therefore, effective methods are needed for selecting parents to create F1 hybrid varieties with the desired PS. In this study, we used bulked segregant analysis with F1 Ningyou 1179 (strong PS) and its F2 population, and through analyzing both parental haplotypes and PS data for 918 hybrid rice varieties, to identify the genetic basis of transgressive late maturation which is dependent on dominance complementation effects of Hd1, Ghd7, DTH8, and PRR37 from both parents rather than from a single parental genotype. We designed a molecular marker-assisted selection system to identify the genotypes of Hd1, Ghd7, DTH8, and PRR37 in parental lines to predict PS in F1 plants prior to crossing. Furthermore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technique to knock out Hd1 in Ning A (sterile line) and Ning B (maintainer line) and obtained an hd1-NY material with weak PS while retaining the elite agronomic traits of NY. Our findings clarified the genetic basis of transgressive late maturation in hybrid rice and developed effective methods for parental selection and gene editing to facilitate the breeding of hybrid varieties with the desired PS for improving their adaptability.

Antiandrogen Flutamide-Induced Restoration of miR-449 Expression Mitigates Functional Biomarkers Associated with Ovarian Cancer Risk.

Background: The involvement of the androgen and androgen receptor (AR) pathway in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer is increasingly recognized. However, the specific mechanisms by which anti-androgen agents, such as flutamide, may prevent ovarian cancer and their efficacy remain unknown. We examined the effects of flutamide on the miRNA expression profile found in women at high risk (HR) for ovarian cancer. Methods: Ovarian and tubal tissues, free from ovarian, tubal, peritoneal cancers, and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), were collected from untreated and flutamide-treated HR women. Low-risk (LR) women served as controls. Transcriptomic miRNA sequencing was performed on these 3 sample cohorts. The miRNAs that showed the most notable differential expression were subjected to functional assays in primary ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cells. Results: Flutamide treatment demonstrated a normalization effect on diminished miRNA levels in HR tissues compared to LR tissues. Particularly, the miR-449 family was significantly upregulated in HR ovarian tissues following flutamide treatment, reaching levels comparable to those in LR tissues. MiR-449a and miR-449b-5p, members of the miR-449 family, were computationally predicted to target the mRNAs of AR and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-fms), both of which are known contributors to ovarian cancer progression, with emerging evidence also supporting their roles in ovarian cancer initiation. These findings were experimentally validated in primary ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and Hey): flutamide treatment resulted in elevated levels of miR-449a and miR-449b-5p, and introducing mimics of these miRNAs reduced the mRNA and protein levels of CSF1R and AR. Furthermore, introducing miR-449a and miR-449b-5p mimics showed inhibitory effects on the migration and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Conclusion: Flutamide treatment restored the reduced expression of miR-449a and miR-449b-5p in HR tissues, thereby decreasing the expression of CSF1R and AR, functional biomarkers associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. In addition to the known direct binding of flutamide to the AR, we found that flutamide also suppresses AR expression via miR-449a and miR-449b-5p upregulation, revealing a novel dual-inhibitory mechanism on the AR pathway. Taken together, our study highlights mechanisms supporting the chemopreventive potential of flutamide in ovarian cancer, particularly in HR patients with reduced miR-449 expression.

Highly Sensitive Wearable Sensor Based on (001)-Orientated TiO2 for Real-Time Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine, Tyrosine, and Paracetamol.

The concentration of dopamine (DA) and tyrosine (Tyr) reflects the condition of patients with Parkinson's disease, whereas moderate paracetamol (PA) can help relieve their pain. Therefore, real-time measurements of these bioanalytes have important clinical implications for patients with Parkinson's disease. However, previous sensors suffer from either limited sensitivity or complex fabrication and integration processes. This work introduces a simple and cost-effective method to prepare high-quality, flexible titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) thin films with highly reactive (001)-facets. The as-fabricated TiO2 film supported by a carbon cloth electrode (i.e., TiO2 -CC) allows excellent electrochemical specificity and sensitivity to DA (1.390 µA µM-1  cm-2 ), Tyr (0.126 µA µM-1  cm-2 ), and PA (0.0841 µA µM-1  cm-2 ). More importantly, accurate DA concentration in varied pH conditions can be obtained by decoupling them within a single differential pulse voltammetry measurement without additional sensing units. The TiO2 -CC electrochemical sensor can be integrated into a smart diaper to detect the trace amount of DA or an integrated skin-interfaced patch with microfluidic sampling and wireless transmission units for real-time detection of the sweat Try and PA concentration. The wearable sensor based on TiO2 -CC prepared by facile manufacturing methods holds great potential in the daily health monitoring and care of patients with neurological disorders.

Surgical outcomes and perioperative risk factors of patients with interstitial lung disease after pulmonary resection.

BACKGROUND: Patients of interstitial lung disease (ILD) combined with pulmonary lesions are increasingly common in clinical practice. Patients with ILD are at significantly higher risk for complications after pulmonary resection (including lobectomy and sublobar resection), especially acute exacerbations of ILD (AE-ILD). The purpose of this study is to summarize the short-term and long-term outcomes after pulmonary resection in ILD patients and to analyze the clinical factors affecting surgical safety. METHODS: From January 2004 to January 2022, a total of 78 patients who were diagnosed with ILD and underwent pulmonary resection at our center were enrolled in this study. Clinical data, pathological findings, surgical procedures, and intraoperative safety of these patients were collected retrospectively. Postoperative 90-day complications and mortality, long-term surgical outcomes from postoperative 90 days to 24 months, and changes in ILD condition were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative complications. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 66.5 (range 33-86) years, 82.1% (64/78) of patients were male, and 78.2% (61/78) of patients had comorbidities. Idiopathic ILD and secondary ILD accounted for 86% and 14%, thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery accounted for 12.8% and 87.2%, and lobectomy and sublobar resection accounted for 37.2% and 62.8%, respectively. Postoperative 90-day complications occurred in 25.6% (20/78) of patients, with pulmonary complications and AE-ILD occurring in 15.4% and 9.0% of patients, respectively. The postoperative 90-day mortality rate was 5.1% (4/78), and the cause of death was AE-ILD. Exacerbation of ILD or other complications occurred in 12.8% (10/78) of patients from postoperative 90 days to 24 months. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that comorbidity, extent of resection, systemic lymph node dissection, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and pathology of pulmonary lesion were associated with postoperative 90-day complications. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index and intraoperative blood loss were identified as independent risk factors of postoperative 90-day complications. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILD have a significantly higher risk of postoperative 90-day complications and mortality after pulmonary resection, especially pulmonary complications and AE-ILD. After postoperative 90 days, the risk of deterioration of pulmonary status remains high, including exacerbation of ILD and complications associated with long-term use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressant. Age, comorbidity and intraoperative blood loss are high risk factors for postoperative 90-day complications.

Flexible Antibacterial Respiratory Monitoring Sensor Based on Controllable Au-Modified Surface of Highly {001} Preferred Anatase Titanium Dioxide Thin Film.

Respiratory signals are critical clinical diagnostic criteria for respiratory diseases and health conditions, and respiratory sensors play a crucial role in achieving the desired respiratory monitoring effect. High sensitivity to a single factor can improve the reliability of respiratory monitoring, and maintaining the hygiene of the sensors is also important for daily health monitoring. Herein, we propose a flexible Au-modified anatase titanium dioxide resistive respiratory sensor, which can be mechanically compliantly attached to curved surfaces for respiratory monitoring in different modalities (i.e., respiratory intensity, frequency, and rate). The uniform and preferentially oriented anatase titanium dioxide films gained by the polymer-assisted deposition technique can be fabricated on flexible substrates through a liquid-assisted transferring process. The Au modification can enhance surface plasmon resonance to facilitate the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide, and the optimized distribution of Au on the surface of titanium dioxide film made the sensor have an excellent antibacterial effect. The uniquely designed encapsulation can effectively control the contact between the surface of titanium dioxide films and electrodes, allowing the flexible sensor to exhibit fast response time (0.71 s) and recovery time (1.06 s) to respiratory as well as insensitivity or low sensitivity to other factors (i.e., gas composition, humidity, temperature, stress, and strain). This work provided an effective strategy for flexible wearable respiratory sensors and has great potential in daily respiratory monitoring for health management and pandemic control.

Ethylene-mediated stomatal responses to dehydration and rehydration in seed plants.

Ethylene, a plant hormone that significantly influences both plant growth and response to stress, plays a well-established role in stress signaling. However, its impact on stomatal opening and closure during dehydration and rehydration remains relatively unexplored and is still debated. Exogenous ethylene has been proven to induce stomatal closure through a series of signaling pathways, including the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), subsequent synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) activation. Thus, it has been suggested that ethylene might function to induce stomatal closure synergistically with abscisic acid (ABA). Furthermore, it has also been shown that increased ethylene can inhibit ABA- and jasmonic acid (JA)-induced stomatal closure, thus hindering drought-induced closure during dehydration. Simultaneously, other stresses, such as chilling, ozone pollution and K+ deficiency, inhibit drought and ABA-induced stomatal closure through an ethylene synthesis dependent way. However, ethylene has been shown to take on an opposing role during rehydration, preventing stomatal opening in the absence of ABA through its own signaling pathway. These findings offer novel insights into the function of ethylene in stomatal regulation during dehydration and rehydration, gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ethylene-induced stomatal movement in seed plants.

Flexible bioelectronic innovation for personalized health management.

With the vigorous development of intelligent medical care and interdisciplinary science, innovative flexible bioelectronics (FBEs) are emerging in health monitoring, disease diagnosis and treatment, and even cancer therapy. This work comments on the recent progress of FBEs in personalized health management, emphasizing its innovative role in cancer therapy. Future perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for the next-generation innovative FBEs are also proposed.

ASIC1/RIP1 accelerates atherosclerosis via disrupting lipophagy.

INTRODUCTION: Atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, remains a significant health concern worldwide. While previous research has shown that acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) impedes macrophage cholesterol efflux, its precise role in atherogenesis and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the role of ASIC1 in atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: First, data from a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) database were used to explore the relationships between ASIC1 differential expression and lipophagy in human atherosclerotic lesions. Finally, we validated the role of ASIC1/RIP1 signaling in lipophagy in vivo (human and mice) and in vitro (RAW264.7 and HTP-1 cells). RESULT: Our results demonstrated a significant increase in ASIC1 protein levels within CD68+ macrophages in both human aortic lesions and AopE-/- mouse lesion areas compared to nonlesion regions. Concurrently, there was a notable decrease in lipophagy, a crucial process for lipid metabolism. In vitro assays further elucidated that ASIC1 interaction with RIP1 (receptor-interacting protein 1) promoted the phosphorylation of RIP1 at serine 166 and transcription factor EB (TFEB) at serine 142, leading to disrupted lipophagy and increased lipid accumulation. Intriguingly, all these events were reversed upon ASIC1 deficiency and RIP1 inhibition. Furthermore, in ApoE-/- mouse models of atherosclerosis, silencing ASIC1 expression or inhibiting RIP1 activation not only significantly attenuated atherogenesis but also restored TFEB-mediated lipophagy in aortic tissues. This was evidenced by reduced TFEB Ser-142 phosphorylation, decreased LC3II and LAMP1 protein expression, increased numbers of lipophagosomes, and a decrease in lipid droplets. CONCLUSION: Our findings unveil the critical role of macrophage ASIC1 in interacting with RIP1 to inhibit lipophagy, thereby promoting atherogenesis. Targeting ASIC1 represents a promising therapeutic avenue for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Copy number variation of the restorer Rf4 underlies human selection of three-line hybrid rice breeding.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines are important for breeding hybrid crops, and utilization of CMS lines requires strong fertility restorer (Rf) genes. Rf4, a major Rf for Wild-Abortive CMS (CMS-WA), has been cloned in rice. However, the Rf4 evolution and formation of CMS-WA/Rf system remain elusive. Here, we show that the Rf4 locus emerges earlier than the CMS-WA gene WA352 in wild rice, and 69 haplotypes of the Rf4 locus are generated in the Oryza genus through the copy number and sequence variations. Eight of these haplotypes of the Rf4 locus are enriched in modern rice cultivars during natural and human selections, whereas non-functional rf4i is preferentially selected for breeding current CMS-WA lines. We further verify that varieties carrying two-copy Rf4 haplotype have stronger fertility restoration ability and are widely used in three-line hybrid rice breeding. Our findings increase our understanding of CMS/Rf systems and will likely benefit crop breeding.

Genome editing for plant synthetic metabolic engineering and developmental regulation.

Plant metabolism and development are a reflection of the orderly expression of genetic information intertwined with the environment interactions. Genome editing is the cornerstone for scientists to modify endogenous genes or introduce exogenous functional genes and metabolic pathways, holding immense potential applications in molecular breeding and biosynthesis. Over the course of nearly a decade of development, genome editing has advanced significantly beyond the simple cutting of double-stranded DNA, now enabling precise base and fragment replacements, regulation of gene expression and translation, as well as epigenetic modifications. However, the utilization of genome editing in plant synthetic metabolic engineering and developmental regulation remains exploratory. Here, we provide an introduction and a comprehensive overview of the editing attributes associated with various CRISPR/Cas tools, along with diverse strategies for the meticulous control of plant metabolic pathways and developments. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of current approaches and future prospects for genome editing-driven plant breeding.

Effects of the core heading date genes Hd1, Ghd7, DTH8, and PRR37 on yield-related traits in rice.

KEY MESSAGE: We clarify the influence of the genotypes of the heading date genes Hd1, Ghd7, DTH8, and PRR37 and their combinations on yield-related traits and the functional differences between different haplotypes. Heading date is a key agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) that determines yield and adaptability to different latitudes. Heading date 1 (Hd1), Grain number, plant height, and heading date 7 (Ghd7), Days to heading on chromosome 8 (DTH8), and PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 37 (PRR37) are core rice genes controlling photoperiod sensitivity, and these genes have many haplotypes in rice cultivars. However, the effects of different haplotypes at these genes on yield-related traits in diverse rice materials remain poorly characterized. In this study, we knocked out Hd1, Ghd7, DTH8, or PRR37, alone or together, in indica and japonica varieties and systematically investigated the agronomic traits of each knockout line. Ghd7 and PRR37 increased the number of spikelets and improved yield, and this effect was enhanced with the Ghd7 DTH8 or Ghd7 PRR37 combination, but Hd1 negatively affected yield. We also identified a new weak functional Ghd7 allele containing a mutation that interferes with splicing. Furthermore, we determined that the promotion or inhibition of heading date by different PRR37 haplotypes is related to PRR37 expression levels, day length, and the genetic background. For rice breeding, a combination of functional alleles of Ghd7 and DTH8 or Ghd7 and PRR37 in the hd1 background can be used to increase yield. Our study clarifies the effects of heading date genes on yield-related traits and the functional differences among their different haplotypes, providing valuable information to identify and exploit elite haplotypes for heading date genes to breed high-yielding rice varieties.

[Effect of 28-day administration of Psoraleae Fructus water extract on early liver injury in rats].

This study aims to investigate the hepatotoxicity of Psoraleae Fructus water extract and the underlying mechanism in rats. Forty-eight rats were randomly assigned into four groups: a blank group and low-(BZGL, 6.25 g·kg~(-1)), medium-(BGZM, 12.5 g·kg~(-1)), and high-dose(BGZH, 25 g·kg~(-1)) Psoraleae Fructus water extract groups. The rats were treated for 28 days, and toxicity and mortality were observed daily. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed, and the body weight, liver index, and liver-to-brain ratio were calculated. The morphological changes in the liver tissue were observed, and the serum levels of related biochemical indicators were measured. The results showed that compared with the blank group, Psoraleae Fructus water extracts of different doses decreased the body weight, increased the liver index and liver-to-brain ratio, and caused liver hypertrophy and pathological changes. Pathological examination revealed that the rats in Psoraleae Fructus water extract groups had bile duct hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and liver cell fibrosis. Compared with the blank group, BGZL elevated the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT), α-glutathione S-transferase(α-GST), and total bile acid(TBA)(P<0.05), and BGZM and BGZH elevated the levels of ALT, TBA, α-GST, γ-glutamyl transferase(γ-GT), purine nucleoside phosphorylase(PNP), ornithine carbamoyltransferase(OCT), and arginase(ArgI)(P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, Psoraleae Fructus water extracts of different doses down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of bile salt export pump(BSEP) and farnesoid X receptor(FXR) and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB), and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)(P<0.05). The results suggested that Psoraleae Fructus water extract caused toxicity in rats, showing a dose-toxicity relationship. Psoraleae Fructus water extract may cause liver damage, which may be due to its effect on liver bile acid secretion and induction of inflammation.

Exploring the Associations Between Non-Traditional Lipid Parameters and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume.

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the relationship between non-traditional lipid parameters and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). A total of 770 patients with coronary computed tomography angiography examinations were included. The non-traditional lipid parameters included the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR), and lipoprotein combined index (LCI). To investigate the association between non-conventional lipid markers and the EAT-volume (EAT-v), a univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the predictive ability among the four non-traditional lipid parameters. In the univariate analysis, we identified factors that might have effects on EAT-v (all P<.05) and adjusted for these in the multivariate analysis. We found that except for MHR, other non-traditional lipid parameters were still associated with high EAT-v after adjustment (all P<.05). In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of AIP was greater than that of other non-traditional lipid parameters and lipid profiles. There was an association between both non-traditional lipid parameters and EAT-v. After adjustment, the AIP remained an independent predictor of EAT-v and it outperformed other non-traditional lipid parameters.

Effective Orthodontic Tooth Movement via an Occlusion-Activated Electromechanical Synergistic Dental Aligner.

Malocclusion is a prevalent dental health problem plaguing over 56% worldwide. Mechanical orthodontic aligners render directional teeth movement extensively used for malocclusion treatment in the clinic, while mechanical regulation inefficiency prolongs the treatment course and induces adverse complications. As a noninvasive physiotherapy, an appropriate electric field plays a vital role in tissue metabolism engineering. Here, we propose an occlusion-activated electromechanical synergistic dental aligner that converts occlusal energy into a piezo-excited alternating electric field for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Within an 18-day intervention, significantly facilitated orthodontic results were obtained from young and aged Sprague-Dawley rats, increasing by 34% and 164% in orthodontic efficiency, respectively. The different efficiencies were attributed to age-distributed periodontal tissue status. Mechanistically, the electromechanical synergistic intervention modulated the microenvironment, enhanced osteoblast and osteoclast activity, promoted alveolar bone metabolism, and ultimately accelerated tooth movement. This work holds excellent potential for personalized and effective treatment for malocclusions, which would vastly reduce the suffering of the long orthodontic course.

Effect of longitudinal-bending elliptical ultrasonic vibration assistance on electrosurgical cutting and hemostasis.

Electrosurgical devices are widely used for tissue cutting and hemostasis in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for their high precision and low trauma. However, tissue adhesion and the resulting thermal injury can cause infection and impede the wound-healing process. This paper proposes a longitudinal-bending elliptical ultrasonic vibration-assisted (EUV-A) electrosurgical cutting system that incorporates an ultrasonic vibration in the direction of the cut by introducing an elliptical motion of the surgical tip. Compared with a solely longitudinal ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) electrosurgical device, the EUV-A electrode contacts the tissue intermittently, thus allowing for a cooler cut and preventing tissue accumulation. The experimental results reveal that the EUV-A electrode demonstrates better performance than the UV-A electrode for both anti-adhesion and thermal injury through in vitro experiments in porcine samples. The tissue removal mechanism of EUV-A electrosurgical cutting is modeled to investigate its anti-adhesion effect. In addition, lower adhesion, lower temperature, and faster cutting are demonstrated through in vivo experiments in rabbit samples. Results show that the EUV-A electrode causes lower thermal injury, indicative of faster postoperative healing. Finally, efficacy of the hemostatic effect of the EUV-A electrode is demonstrated in vivo for vessels up to 3.5 mm (equivalent to that of electrocautery). The study reveals that the EUV-A electrosurgical cutting system can achieve safe tissue incision and hemostasis.